Computers are constructed using digital electronic circuits that manipulate electricity as it flows through the circuits. The circuits work with only two voltage levels: a high voltage and a low voltage. The voltage levels are represented as being either low or high or as signals that are either logically false or logically true, which results in two unique values. All instructions and data in a computer are stored and processed as numerical values using a sequence of these two values. In this chapter, we explore the binary number system which computer scientist and computer engineers use to abstractly represent all types of data in a computer.

• Binary Numbers
• Signed Integers
• Hexadecimal Representation
• Character Data
• Floating-Point Representations